Date rape victims tend to share cer- tain characteristics: ® They are unwary, even naive; ® They allow themselves to be alone too soon with a person they do not know well; ® They often suffer from low self- esteem and inability to be assertive. Other tacts that have emerged from studies of date rape: ® Victimizers are more sexually active than other males, and often have a history of antisocial behavior; ® In many cases, there is a prevail- ing attitude or a local societal standard that encourages males to act aggres- sively. Prevention of sexual assault, and particularly date rape, should be a major concern of SDA secondary schools and colleges. Schools must make clear that there is never any legitimate excuse for silent or date rape; carefully supervise the early stages of dating; encourage group ac- tivities or double dating until acquain- tance is well developed; develop educa- tional programs explicitly detailing proper sexual behavior and attitudes for both men and women; offer train- ing sessions to help students acquire self-confidence and assertiveness skills; encourage reporting and prosecution of improper conduct; and teach young women how to resist assault. Addressing the Effects of Violence School employees need to under- stand both the physical and emotional effects of violence. The psychological toll of sexual assault can be especially devastating. A large cross-sectional survey of two Los Angeles communi- ties compared lifetime diagnoses of nine major mental disorders between those who reported having been sexu- ally assaulted at some time in their lives, and those who had not.!* Sexual assault was a strong predictor of major depressive episodes, substance abuse, and anxiety disorders such as phobias, panic disorder, and obsessive/compul- sive behavior. In addition to prevention programs, schools should offer counseling and crisis intervention programs, or make professional referrals, in order to assist those who have suffered sexual vio- lence. Suicide Prevention Another form of violence—suicide— is becoming more of a problem in Adventist schools. Many teachers, from junior high to college professors, know at least one student who has attempted suicide during the past year. Research has found that suicide is Few schools have developed any written or oral procedures to pre- vent violence or to deal with the consequences when it occurs. related to dysfunctional family life, stress, chemical addiction, lack of communication with significant others, as well as to the death by suicide of a close familv member or friend.'® The second-leading cause of teenage deaths in the United States, suicide strikes every socioeconomic group. There are 350 suicide attempts for every completed suicide among high school students. Three percent of all high school students will attempt sui- cide in any given month." Teachers and administrators must be alert to the symptoms of suicidal stu- dents, Loneliness, shyness, withdrawal, tenseness, extreme perfectionism, con- Picture removed